Dicksonia antarctica, commonly known as the Soft Tree Fern or Tasmanian Tree Fern, is one of the most iconic and elegant tree ferns, native to the cool, damp forests of Australia and Tasmania. Belonging to the Dicksoniaceae family, it has been cultivated worldwide for its architectural beauty and resilience in temperate gardens.

This fern is characterised by a thick, fibrous trunk formed from the remains of old fronds and aerial roots. The trunk can grow several metres tall in its natural habitat, but in gardens it often reaches 2–4 metres over many years, making it an impressive focal point. From the crown, a rosette of large, arching fronds emerges, each finely divided into feather-like leaflets that create a lush, tropical canopy. Mature fronds can reach 2–3 metres in length, giving the plant a dramatic, umbrella-like form.

Its prehistoric appearance makes it a striking specimen in shaded gardens, courtyards, or woodland plantings. Despite its exotic origins, Dicksonia antarctica is surprisingly hardy and can withstand brief frosts, provided the crown is protected. It is one of the most popular tree ferns grown in the UK, admired for both its resilience and grandeur.

Dicksonia antarctica – Care Guide

Light

Thrives in dappled or partial shade. While it can tolerate some morning or late afternoon sun, prolonged exposure to harsh midday sun can scorch the fronds. Ideal planting sites mimic its native forest environment – sheltered and shaded beneath taller trees.

Watering

Moisture is key to success. Water both the soil and the trunk regularly, as the fibrous stem absorbs moisture to support the crown. In warm weather, daily watering may be needed, particularly if the plant is newly established. Never allow the soil around the base to dry out completely.

Temperature and Hardiness

• Temperature: Hardy down to around –5°C if well protected. In colder regions, it requires winter protection.

• Winter care: In late autumn, pack the crown with dry straw or fleece to insulate it. Wrapping the upper trunk with horticultural fleece also helps to protect from prolonged frost.

Soil and Planting

Prefers rich, humus-filled soil that retains moisture but drains freely. Incorporate organic matter such as leaf mould or compost when planting. Choose a sheltered position protected from strong winds, which can damage fronds.

Feeding

Apply a liquid feed high in potassium every 2–4 weeks during the growing season (late spring to summer), pouring it directly into the crown as well as onto the soil. This encourages strong frond production and healthy growth.

Pruning and Maintenance

Remove old fronds at the base as they die back. This keeps the crown tidy and directs the plant’s energy into producing new growth. Dead fronds can also be left hanging down the trunk for additional insulation if desired.

Growth and Maturity

Tree ferns are slow-growing. Dicksonia antarctica typically adds around 2–5 cm of trunk height per year under optimal conditions, making it a long-term investment in the garden. Over decades, it can become a towering, dramatic specimen.

Common Issues

• Frond scorch: Caused by excessive direct sunlight or drought.

• Crown damage: Often occurs in severe winters if not protected.

• Pests: Generally pest-free, though occasional slugs or snails may nibble young fronds.

Background and Benefits

Dicksonia antarctica is one of the oldest surviving plant species, with ancestors dating back over 200 million years. In its native habitat, it provides vital shelter and moisture for forest ecosystems. In UK gardens, it brings an instant sense of the exotic, transforming shaded spaces into dramatic, jungle-like retreats. Its ability to thrive in temperate climates has secured its status as the most widely grown tree fern in cultivation.

✅ Quick Care Summary

• Light: Dappled or partial shade

• Water: Keep crown and trunk moist at all times

• Temperature: Hardy to –5°C; protect crown in winter

• Soil: Rich, humus-filled, moisture-retentive

• Feed: High-potassium liquid fertiliser in growing season

• Growth: Slow-growing; trunk adds 2–5 cm per year